International Logistics Industry

In a global economy, the movement of goods and materials is very crucial for the success of a company. More often, the materials are process in another place that is it is needed that these materials be ship. When one wants to be known globally, it will market its products around the world, thus the right timing of shipment is necessary for profit. Logistics is a business that started in 1950. Logistics industry takes care of supplying different materials and shipping out products. . It is the science of process and incorporates all industry sectors.   Logistics can be defined as having the right quantity at the right time for the right price. It is the science of process and incorporates all industry sectors. The goal of logistic work is to manage the fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant efficiencies (.Wikipedia). Creating a balance between financial, environmental and societal growth is a difficult task but is very critical if one company would like to make sure that they are to stay for a long time in the market.   Competition becomes beneficial for one company when because without it there will be no need for innovations and changes in the industry. Consumers have a choice thus companies are always evolving to make their products and company more appealing. In the logistics industry, these consumers are companies of other industry that is aiming for a global market. In any given industry, there are some industry norms that set how a company in a specific industry sets their capital structure (Brackers, 2004). This is also synonymous to the level of business risk to be undertaken that would be acceptable in the industry. These industry norms should serve as guides for the companies included in the industry and not to be followed blindly as there are always exceptions in any rules. The stability of the alliance between the two companies must be ensured because it would play a key role in determining the flow of development of the products being developed. It must be ensured that the manpower working from both companies are both have the proper knowledge needed for the development of the product, who are willing to give their best effort to make sure that deadlines are met. There should also be consistency in the manpower handling the project because the next person place could not know all the information like the former. The key to a successful partnership is inter-dependency. Business done through the aid of an internet is called electronic commerce. This kind of business has boomed in the 21st century with the massive availability of personal computers and laptops. Everything happens in the internet, anything that one could think of. There is internet shopping, online education and internet banking and so many more (Yingli, Lalwani and Aryee, 2005). Now even logistics services have their own website for easy verification of would be customers. Every company has their own strategy but the burden lies in properly executing this strategies. Chapman (2004) has concluded that almost ninety percent of companies fail in properly executing their strategies. Studies show that when CEO’s who have failed have been interviewed said that the thing that led them to downfall was the bad execution of strategies that they have formulated. Only fourteen percent of those included in Times 1000 companies have commented that they are implementing good strategies. One strategy that successful logistics companies are using now is Rate Explorer.   Rate explorer is a system us to prepare customer quotations. Rate explorer has a total of thirty-five contracts inbound and outbound operations within the region of the United States of America.   One company that relies on them is Mallory Alexander. This company has been voted as one of the 2006 Top 100 3PL ((Third Party Logistics company). This award is a big boost on their image because this award is based o the opinions of major shippers in the industry. This award was given by Inbound Logistics magazine (http://www.pr.com/press-release/17317). Anyone entering a business would want it to last as long as it could be but if one would not be open to modernization they would not be able to carry on. An innovation does not mean that the past would be completely forgotten. In business, creativity and patience is needed to sustain it and make sure that one would stay for a long time. Logistics industry knows how powerful technological developments are. Some companies within this industry are also looking at the avenue of electronic commerce to help them in gaining a greater profit and more customers. New corporate strategies and processes are required to cope up with this change. Managing business risk is important, new avenues should prove to be effective for the logistic company and not a liability. Business risk refers to the inherent risk in the firm before debt is introduced to the picture. Business risk is caused by such factors as inflation, interest rates, economic periods, fixed versus variable costs, volatility of input costs, ability to change prices, and sensitivity of sales to economic factors. High levels of Business risk determine the degree of the volatile of sales and the changes in EBIT as dictated by the change in sales. The degree of business risk a company or industry takes is directly proportional to the volatility of the EBIT that they could get (Brackers, 2004). Success is nothing if you can not measure it. A company lay down factors or guidelines for their services and manpower in order for them to gauge if they met their goals or if there is a problem within and how to address it. There are factors that need to be considered when one company tries to check if its service and manpower are able to meet the goals and objective set.   Implementation and evaluation would play a crucial part in determining the outcome of the logistics industries venture in e-commerce. Reference: Logistics. (n.d.). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 05, 2006, from Answers.com Web site:   http://www.answers.com/topic/logistics-2 Brackers, Kevin. (2004 November 17). Chapter 13: Capital Restructure. Pittsburg State University. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from http://www.pittstate.edu/econ/ch12326.html Chapman, Alan. (2004). Strategy Implementation and Realization. Farsight Leadership Ltd. Businessball.com. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from http://www.businessballs.com/businessstrategyimplementation.htm Mallory Alexander press release. 08 Sept 2006. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from http://www.pr.com/press-release/17317 De Busscher, Lucien. 2002. Opportunities and Challenges for Logistics Service Providers in Europe. PWC Consulting. PricewaterhouseCoopers. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from http://www.eyefortransport.com/ResArticles/logistics_eng.pdf Vate, John Vande and Amy Ward. The Ins and Outs of Outsourcing.   Executive masters International Logistics. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from http://www.emil.gatech.edu/news-events/article.php?aid=177 Yingli Wang, Chandra Lalwani and   Gilbert Aryee. E-business Enabled Customised Logistics Sustainability. 2005 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics. August 10-12, 2005, Beijing, China. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from http://www.ssglobal.org/2005/ProgramAbstract.pdf

Respiration and Photosynthesis

â€Å"Respiration† and â€Å"Photosynthesis† All life depends on two chemical reactions â€Å"Respiration† and â€Å"Photosynthesis†. These two processes are quite crucial because they are a source to nearly all life on Earth. Both of these processes are quite similar yet differentiate vastly. In this essay I’ll be comparing and contrasting â€Å"Photosynthesis† and â€Å"Respiration†. I’ll start by discussing what actually happens in both these processes and how? Moving on to the energy transfers these processes go through and how these reactions relate to each other. Plants feed using a process called ‘Photosynthesis’. Photosynthesis is the chemical change which happens in the leaves of green plants. It’s the first step towards making food; not just for plants but ultimately every animal on the planet. During this reaction carbondioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen. For this reaction to occur both carbon and nitrogen are absorbed from the roots as nitrate and so is carbon as carbondioxide from the air and it also needs energy as the reaction is endothermic, therefore the energy is ‘light’ from the sun. This is absorbed by a green substance called chlorophyll in the leaf. Therefore, photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts which are present in the palisade cells (found near the top of the leaf. ) (fig: 1 ) As chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy needed to make photosynthesis happen. The equation for this reaction is: 6CO2 + 6H2O+ light energy —> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Sugars created in photosynthesis can be later converted by the plant to starch for storage, or it can be combined with other sugar molecules to form specialized carbohydrates such as cellulose, or it can be combined with other nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, to build complex molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, ‘respiration’ is reversibly related to photosynthesis because it takes in light energy and respiration gives out energy, which is used by the body as the glucose is converted into starch or stored. Oxygen is consumed unlike in photosynthesis, although in respiration energy is released in a more controlled and manageable way. During photosynthesis water and carbondioxide are chemically combined to make glucose and oxygen. The equation as follows: C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O In addition, respiration and photosynthesis are both processes which depend on each other on a very wide scale. Fig: 2 explains this. (Fig: 2 ): Shows a cycle and how photosynthesis and respiration are dependent on each other. As the leaf produces oxygen through photosynthesis and then that oxygen is inhaled by an animal. Later, the animal breathes out carbondioxide, and that is then absorbed by the plants through leaves by the air, in order for respiration to happen; making this ongoing cycle continue. Though photosynthesis only takes place in leaves of plants (inside palisade cells) during the presence of light, respiration takes place in every living organism inside the mitochondria of the cell, with or without light being present or not. As all cells need energy through the sugar they made in their leaves; oxygen moves through diffusion through the plant from cell to cell. Any oxygen not used by the plant in respiration, leaves the plant through tiny holes under the leaf called stomata. That’s then part of the air we breathe, making the whole process start again. That’s how closely photosynthesis and respiration are linked to each other. Whilst, both respiration and photosynthesis are quite similar yet unlike at the same time. Respiration is a process by which energy is liberated. On the other hand photosynthesis is a procedure where energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules as in, photosynthesis is an anabolic (constructive) process, resulting in the building up of carbohydrate molecules. While in respiration a catabolic (destructive) process occurs, resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrate molecules. So, respiration results in a loss in dry mass where photosynthesis is totally the opposite, it results in a gain in ordinary mass. Furthermore, there are enzymes involved in the process of respiration. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a reaction. The organic compounds that are broken down are substrates. Glucose is the most common substrate. The general equation for respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP During respiration, glucose undergoes glycolysis forming pyruvic acid. Glycolysis consists of nine separate chemical reactions, each catalysed by a specific enzyme. The key players in glycolysis are the enzymes ‘dehydrogenase’ and a coenzyme (a non-protein helper). So, in photosynthesis is catalysed by chlorophyll. To summarize, photosynthesis takes the raw ingredients of water, carbondioxide and uses light to make glucose and oxygen. Despite, respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbondioxide and water as waste products. Both these processes takes place in cells except respiration takes place in the mitochondria of a cell. Photosynthesis is catalysed by chlorophyll acting in concert with lipids or sugars, while in respiration ‘dehydrogenase’ is used. Nevertheless, photosynthesis and respiration both are a part of an ongoing cycle and work together in order for plants or animals to survive.

Employment: Education and Students

1. Describe the skills or attributes you believe are necessary to be outstanding when working in student support services. You have to be able to relate and understand with the students on a positive level to reach an optimal outcome from any situation. Hillside Academy taught me when dealing with students with special needs it's best to go for an approach where you can talk with them one on one and get a better understanding as to how they are thinking, what would be the best possible outcome and what is the best solution to the problem without a non-violence approach.Students what to know they have the support of an adult faulty member with whom they can trust and build a positive solid relationship with and I think all these key factors help to create an outstanding student support service. 2. Please identify and describe any significant differences you would promote in a school which a majority of the students are African-American and Hispanic/Latino.I would promote a program whe re African Americans and Hispanic/Latino both have the opportunity to learn about each others cultures so that the students have a better understanding of each other and point out the similarities in each culture so that the students can come together as one. I feel as though the two cultures don't fully understand each other as a whole and that creates a cultural clash. I would be fully interesting in creating a positive environment with the schools staff and resources to provide a common ground that will create stable relationships amongst the students and faulty members.Throughout my years of employment working with the youth and previous staff members I have learned to be a good listener, a great problem solver in the most chaotic and worst situations, a positive team player and most importantly a compassionate and understanding person. I am enthusiastic about applying my skills which I have acquired through previous experience and I look forward to being apart of the team to ma ke an influential difference in the Proviso Township High Schools. . How would you address a wide range of skills in your classroom?Dupage school A lot of planning. The easiest thing to do is pull small groups. If your school uses 3 group rotation it is easy to implement. If your school uses another method of instruction you can pull groups during any independent work time. When some students are completing an independent assignment you pull another group to work with you (on that same activity or anther lesson all together. ) When the students need to complete the same activity you can differentiate by setting different goals for different students.In writing assignments you can alter the number of sentences that need to be written, how much sentences need to be extended, or how many details need to be included. Some students may edit on their own, some with a partner, or some in a small group with you. For reading assignments you may need to give different leveled books to differe nt kids. You can find many books on the same topic at different levels. Most times your teacher manual will list alternative book options for more advanced or struggling readers.For reading assignments that all students need to complete try choral, echo, or partner reading for those who need it. Math is the easiest to differentiate. Some kids can use manipulative and some might be able to use mental math. Additionally, you can do an introduction and guided practice to the whole class. Whoever can complete the independent assignment on their own can do that and you can pull a small group for those students who still need guided practice or more scaffolding.

Muslim Americans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Muslim Americans - Research Paper Example Example: â€Å"Being Muslim in America† book contains a number of significant historic events about the Muslim Americans. Accordingly the first evidence of such Muslims visiting the United States of America dates back to the period of 1619 to 1800s (Curtis, 2009). Some other authors have recorded Muslim vendors voyaging to America even before 1500. History and development of the American Muslim Community It is believed that approximately 30percentage proportion of the total African individuals who were shipped to America as slaves during 1619 to 1800s period were Muslims. Some of these people joined the main stream economic activities of America after being released from the slavery. Example: in 1819 Yarrow (Mamout) Marmood was the property owner and bank investor in Georgetown (currently a part of Washington). And in 1907 the first Muslim organization in America was founded by the Tatar immigrants from Poland, Russia and Lithuania (pp 56). The first American Islamic associati on was founded in Michigan in 1919. Consequently many immigrants were employed in manufacturing plants. The first American Islamic religious building known as the Mother Mosque was built in 1934 in Iowa (pp 57). Gradual growth and expansion of Muslim America community is explicit in these records. Currently Muslims are believed to form a considerable proportion of the American society. According to the Pew Research Center statistics Muslim population in America amounted 2,595,000 in 2010. This figure attributed to approximately 0.8percentag proportion of the total population in the same year in America. According to the same source the Muslim population in the country will reach 4,150,000 while forming 1.2percentage proportion of the total population by the year 2020. However some sources states that there are above 7 million Muslim individuals living in America currently. American government does not record religious statistics in the population census. Thus a statistical jargon is created. According to the book â€Å"Being Muslim in America† vast majority of the Muslim individuals living in America are of South Asian i.e. Pakistani and Arabian origin respectively. Approximately 34percentage and 26percentage proportion of the total Muslim American population belongs to the above two categories respectively (pp 9). Impacts of expanding the Muslim American population The impact of Muslim community on American socio-economic sphere is drastically increasing despite the said theological or statistical jargons (ZAHEDI, 2011). The growing significance is evident in the contemporary races related socio-economic issues occurring in the country. Muslim culture, believes and even proliferation seems to have impacts on the large society (Bayoumi, 2011). According to book â€Å"Being Muslim in America† book 25 percentage proportion of the Muslim American population belongs to the indigenous American category. Thus it can be inferred that rate of converting to Muslim religion by the individuals who were born in non-Muslim families is high. This trend seems to have hurt some religions’ leaders and political activists. Hatred, despise and discrimination is rapidly growing in contemporary American society towards the Muslim America

How Everyman presents the idea about Religion and Hypocrisy Essay

How Everyman presents the idea about Religion and Hypocrisy - Essay Example How Everyman presents the idea about Religion and Hypocrisy Even though we are unable to see God, religion makes us believe in our hearts that He exists and observes everything we do all the time, wherever we go. Due to religion, most people believe that we live our lives in order appease God by trying to make it good since he will approve the manner in which we lived our lives. Through living in the will of God, according to gospel, we believe that He will enable us have eternal life. This makes religion to appear very important to man since no one would prefer going to hell to having eternal life. The writer of â€Å"Everyman† discusses the ideas on religion and hypocrisy in his article. In the story, at the beginning, the messenger assures us that we might be relaxed about our sins at the period they take place, and we can also enjoy our earthly wealth not knowing that all these will come to pass in the day of reckoning (2121). As the story continues, the messenger explains that when we die, our good deeds and sins are taken with us in grave. However, he says that it is good that our good deeds overcome our sins in order to face God with a little hope in the Day of Judgment. The good deeds we had are the only ones that determine our eternity. God’s character reveals to us that the story is about Christian beliefs since God is presented as Jesus, being hanged on the cross. Everyman’s character presents a real example of hypocrisy. In the outside view, he appears to have everything. For instance, he had a family, wealth, beauty, knowledge and strength. His state is admirable and is the kind of life most people wish to have.

Consumer protection in QATAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consumer protection in QATAR - Essay Example This is because these individuals cannot protect themselves. The laws protect consumer rights since they are government regulations (Howells and Stephen 86). Consumer protection is usually linked to ideas concerning consumer rights as well as other consumer organizations that assist consumers to make good choices while in the market place and also helps them in accordance to their complaints. A consumer is a person who buys services and goods for direct ownership or use. The intentions of a consumer are, usually, not to use the goods and services for manufacturing and production. Also, the consumer does not resale the goods. There are other organizations which also support consumer protection. They include self-regulating business organizations and government organizations (American Bar Association 138). Examples of self-regulating business organizations include ombudsmen, Federal Trade Commission, consumer protection organizations and agencies and Better Business Bureaus. Consumer protection leads to the development of a fair trading in the marketplace. Additionally, the laws protect the on-going businesses as well as the specific rights of consumers. These laws are also responsible for licensing, selling, buying and renting homes. They are, however, not involved in the profit legislation. The laws ensure that all products sold to consumers have the standard mark of quality (Jackson and Alison 219). The reason for insisting on high standard goods is to reduce the risk of consumers getting negative health effects from the goods and services. In order to be subjected to the mandatory standards, the product must meet the required degree of safety criteria. In case the products fail to meet the specified safety criteria, they are banned from sale. Consumer protection gives buyers the right to a refund in case an unsafe product is sold to them. The laws also issue a safety warning to the public to warn them about services and goods that pose safety risks to the

Managing in ContemporaryTimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing in ContemporaryTimes - Essay Example Discussion Doug Ivester was appointed as a CEO of the Coca Cola Company for a shorter period of time. This part of the essay will discuss about the impact of personality of Doug Ivester on the entire organizational culture with the help of The Big Five Personality Trait Model. Big Five Personality Trait The Big Five Personality Traits are referred as five broad dimensions or domains of personality of an individual that are utilized to describe the personality of several human beings in the field of psychology. These particular five factors are openness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability and conscientiousness. Openness is the particular dimension that includes having broad interest, and being insightful and imaginative to new experiences. Openness is the degree to which an individual has a wide range of interest, creativity and innovation (Jones & George, 2008). The wide dimension of extraversion includes various specific traits, such as energetic, talkative and asserti ve. This extraversion characteristic also includes the characteristic of self-preference, individuality and dominance. Agreeableness dimension includes several specific traits, such as kind, affectionate and sympathetic. ... It is better to have a leader with less positive traits and none negative traits. Negative traits act as the constraint for a leader to return back to the position the leader was famous for. Several personality traits define the characteristic and personality of the managers or leaders in the organization. It is true that all the leaders and managers follow different leadership style to manage workplace environment and business performance of the organization. Different leadership highly depends upon the different personality traits of the managers and leaders. Therefore, different personality traits can impact on the organizational culture differently. Following example will help the reader to understand the impact of personality of a leader on entire organizational culture. Impact on Coca Cola’s Organizational Culture It is discussed earlier that Doug Ivester was appointed as a CEO of the Coca Cola Company for a shorter period of time. It is clear from above discussion that the dimension of extraversion includes various traits, such as talkative, assertive and energetic that defines the personality of a leader. The personality of Doug Ivester was the example of opposite of the extraversion dimension. He served the organization for a shorter period of time. He had a low degree both extrovert and dominant. He was known to be very reserved person in several situations (Alkahtani, Abu-jarad, Sulaiman & Nikbin, 2011). In addition to this, he did not have the desire to motivate others. He was only concerned about strategy development, strategy implementation and focusing on the performance of the strategies. He never understood the significance of interpersonal relationship with the employees of various departments. In

Role of Confucian scholars or advisors in government on the period of Research Paper

Role of Confucian scholars or advisors in government on the period of Tang Dynasty - Research Paper Example â€Å"The Tang dynasty was a dynasty that was characterized by such strength and brilliance that it is unprecedented by any other. The civil service examination was so refined, that the tests basic form was used in the 20th century. The role of the imperial and local government was amplified so that it centralized administration and enacted an elaborate code of administrative and penal laws.† (Tang Dynasty†¦.)The coup by Li Shihmin, the founder of the Tang Dynasty, proved to be a remarkable event in the history of China and it heralded many structural and administrative changes in the system of governance. The highlights of the achievements were new concepts in foreign relations, unification of national culture, more centralization of powers, radical changes in the fiscal policy that helped the overall growth of the nation from all ends. The good spadework done by the Sui dynasty that ruled previously in administrative, transport and communication areas helped Tang dynast y rulers to consolidate the gains. â€Å"Tang Empire was able to create a strong centralized government and work towards unifying the political and cultural divisions between its people†¦..The Tang emperors set up a strong centralized system of government, in which the emperor was the supreme authority†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Although most of the officials came from influential noble families, some officials were chosen through civil service examinations which tested a persons knowledge of classical Confucian learning and literary composition. With a staff of only 13,465 officials the Tang government was able to oversee a population of more than 50 million people.† (Influences†¦..) To understand the influence of Confucian Teachings on family and society, it is necessary for us to know something in brief about Confucianism. Wing-tsit Chan writes, â€Å"Confucianism did not begin with a tradition. Confucius (551-479 BC) taught various subjects on self-cultivation and the ordering of the society. To be

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi - Essay Example For him, Hinduism was a religion that he knew better than other religions and he found it non-violent and peaceful. One aspect that Gandhi used to search in religions was their nonviolent attitude towards different aspects of life. He found nonviolence in Christianity, Buddhism and other religions.Gandhi practiced Hinduism by continuing to be a vegetarian all his life, he read and acted upon the teachings of Gita and he preached about non-violence and peace (Mahatma Gandhi: Hinduism at its Best). He was an inspiration for the Hindus. He believed in all the teachings of Hinduism and practiced those that seemed suitable to him.He emphasized on reading Gita and also informed that when he used to read it, it soothed him. Gandhi showed liking for the concepts of protection of cow, peace and non-violence but he showed disliking for the concepts of murti puja, intolerance to touch by Brahmans, virgin widowhood and spoilage of virgins (1961; Mahatma Gandhi: Hinduism at its Best).Gandhi held his own opinions about other existent religions. He considered all the religions equally. According to him, he belonged to all religions and also said that all religions of the world helped him in self-realization. According to Gandhi, all religions consist of positive values that should be considered and followed in order to be a good human being (Mahatma Gandhi: Hinduism at its Best). Gandhi once said, â€Å"I am also a Christian, a Muslim, a Buddhist, and a Jew†, which described about his neutrality towards other religions except Hinduism.

Self Adaptive Information System - a Myth or a Possibility Term Paper

Self Adaptive Information System - a Myth or a Possibility - Term Paper Example It just needs to observe certain shared principles. But can such software then become foolproof' 3. A fundamental premise is that much, perhaps still all, software is rooted in how the human brain operates. Software is in this sense the externalization of the brain's own behavior. Software capability, and complexity, has evolved as designers understand more and better about their own thought processes. 5. Suppose software could in some sense "step outside" the human framework. Can such a "mind of its own" be simultaneously CAS and foolproof' G'del's theories suggest that this would not be universally possible: in ever increasing complexity required to produce CAS, insoluble problems will always arise, at some point a CAS will be required to "guess" as it will not be able to rationally compute an answer. The solution may be to make every CAS to an order of complexity greater than the task for which it is destined. G'del allows for the extension of the system to solve problems. Simply, new insoluble problems will arise, but these may be made to lie outside the domain concerned, so that the CAS becomes foolproof within a defined domain. 6. As an extension of these notions, empirical evidence suggests that very complex systems are still inherently "buggy" and that software bugs will always appear no matter what the design methodology. Designers and perhaps the CAS itself can repair bugs in the CAS. It then becomes an iterative process as in 5. to get to a stage where a CAS is foolproof within a defined domain, although no guarantee is given for the universal case. 7. Given that software is a manifestation of the human mind, it is likely to evolve with the same possibilities and constraints. Therefore it will never be 100% foolproof, just foolproof in a defined domain, and the time to realize such a system will be a function of the complexity and the breadth of the domain. 8. As a final remark, a CAS may not be foolproof per se, but may well be able to fool a human being. See Turing's remark about the situation when a human being can no longer tell whether the interaction with an entity behind a computer screen is in fact with another human being or a machine. In this restricted sense, the foolproof software CAS is already

Management and organizational behavior review and periodicals Essay

Management and organizational behavior review and periodicals - Essay Example Even in this electronic age when one can access all the information on internet; the importance of a good text cannot be ignored. Recommended Text Book on Management and Organizational Behavior: It is difficult for the management students to find the best and the most comprehensive books on management and organizational behavior. Books on management often fail to cover the subject of organizational behavior completely. There are some books that either revolves around management and basic concepts of management or organizational behavior. However, there are only few books that fully cater the needs of the management students on these topics together. â€Å"Management and Organizational Behavior,† is a comprehensive text book by Curtis W. Cook and Phillip L. Hunsaker that fits well with the needs of management students. How This Book is Unique and Different: This book provides a complete source of information to the students of business management. Each chapter in this book is e xplained in simple and easy language with different charts, tables and models. It is hard to find such a simple book on the most complicated and hard subject. Many students find it difficult to understand the core concepts, ideas and different theories but in this book, authors have comprehensively elaborated each and every point with examples and simple models. In short, we can say that this books matches perfectly with the curriculum and other study requirements of the students. Table of Contents: This book is comprised of total 15 chapters. Each chapter defines and highlights a new concept with examples from corporate world on management and business. The table of contents is comprised of the following chapters: Chapter 1:  Managing People and Organizations Chapter 2:  Strategic Thinking, Planning & Continuous Improvement Chapter 3:  Organizing Work and People Chapter 4:  Creating and Modifying Organizational Culture Chapter 5:  Perception, Learning and Personality Chap ter 6:  Motivation Chapter 7:   Motivation, Methods and Applications Chapter 8:  Communicating for Understanding and Results Chapter 9:  Creating Productive Interpersonal Relations Chapter 10:  Building Groups into Teams Chapter 11:  Conflict Management and Negotiations Chapter 12:  Ethical Problem Solving and Decision Making Chapter 13:  Power and Politics Chapter 14:  Leadership Chapter 15:  Change The Core Concept of the Book: This book discusses different ideas, principles and concepts that are used in the implementation of an effective management within an organization. This book helps the students to understand the core concepts of an effective management system and organization in a simple way that how managers can play an effective role in an organization, how to deal with the cultural diversity, motivate an employee and how one can strategize the policies effectively to attain an organization’s goals and objectives. It is often hard for the manage ment students to understand the basic concepts of management and organizational behavior as well as to build a relation between the two. The language used by the authors is simple and easily understandable even for the foreign students. At various places the authors have used some technical business terms which make the book more professionally themed in order to develop the knowledge of the corporate world in the minds of the students and to prepare them for the professional world. However, the authors of this book have comprehensively

American Literature Essay Example for Free

American Literature Essay ?American literature is any written work of art that is created in the United States. American literature is like all literature, it has literary experiences and contextual history of America. It depicts how America has changed is still changing today. American literature has changed over time just like most canons of literary works. The uniqueness of American literature is that America from its beginning had a special philosophy of life and freedom. The special philosophy of life and freedom that made American literature so unique was reflected in its writings. Americans believed and had faith that God was and is the given of all our rights and freedom. We as Americans had faith in ourselves that we could succeed in anything that we try doing. The literature that we Americans wrote made life worth living because it was displayed for the world to read and understand that life was what we made it. Also by Americans having the ability to spring back from diversity made life worth living and George Washington was a perfect example of this. Literary canon is basically a suggested list of readings that belongs to a country or a certain period in time. Literary canon contains literary works that is mainly by authors who are accepted as an authority in their field and their writings constituting a serious body of literature in any given language. The works that are collected that is included in a literary canon is approved largely by cultural and academic institutions and is observed as literature of that language. Literary work’s popularity is not based only on the quality, but on the relevance of what matters to the context historically, socially, and artistically. Literary canon relate very well to what is going on in society because of what is most important at that time work is being written. The context of the society, whether it is historical, social, or artistic, that is basically the topic. Ethnic writers express the special challenges of realism, naturalism, and regionalism within the American literary experiences. Realism labels a movement in English, European, and American literature that gathered force from the 1930s to the end of the century. Realism attempted to record life as it was lived rather than life as it ought to be lived or had been lived in times past. William Dean Howells stated that realism â€Å"is nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material. † Present-day literary theorists are probably more aware of what may be called â€Å"the crisis of representation†-the difference between representation and the thing represented-than were these realists of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Naturalism is understood by some as an extension or intensification of realism. It introduces characters from the fringes and depths of society whose fates are determined by degenerate heredity, a sordid environment, and/or a good deal of bad luck. Regionalism writing, another expression of the realist impulse, resulted from the desire both to preserve a record of distinctive ways of life before industrialization dispersed or homogenized them and to come to terms with the harsh realities that seemed to be replacing these early and allegedly happier times. By the end of the twentieth century, every region of the country had a â€Å"local colorist† to immortalize its natural, social, and linguistic features. Ethnic writers define literature as literature that is written by people of a different culture, language, religion, or race. It differs from the canon of traditional American literature because literary canon is a list of work from American instead of from a different race or religion. The historical, socio-political, and cultural topics that might be covered by ethnic writers would be slavery and how the slaves were treated during that time. Slavery is a topic that can be covered under all three. Government issues are a topic that could be covered under socio-political. The debate against government issues such as health care and taxes could be something that ethnic writers could write about. It does not differ from the canon of traditional American literature because the writings have to be by authors who are accepted as an authority in their field and their writings of literature in any given language.

Ethical judgments limit knowledge in the arts and natural sciences

Ethical judgments limit knowledge in the arts and natural sciences Ethical judgments limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. The significance of ethics and interpretations people obtain about ethics can vary. Ethics comes from the Greek word â€Å"ethos† which means â€Å"character†.[1] Ethics refers to personal standards of what is right or wrong in terms of the well-being of individuals and society which concepts have been derived from religions, philosophies and cultures. In all cases we apply ethical judgments in determining if it is right or wrong. Why do we ethically judge situations? If ethical judgments are not made, there is fear that civilization, brought up by morals, may fall. When an action is judged as ethically wrong, consequences and penalties may result in order to prevent the action from happening again. There is reasonable basis for ethical judgments; on the other hand ethical judgments can limit the methods that can produce knowledge in both the arts and natural sciences. In Andres Serrano’s photograph â€Å"Piss Christ†, Serrano puts a plastic crucifix of Jesus in a container with his urine. Many Christian groups initially judged his photograph as unethical and disrespectful to Christianity; the response was triggered by the language used in the title and the materials. Due to my ideology and Christian background, the phrase â€Å"Piss Christ† and the use of urine in the artwork was offensive, because it associated a â€Å"divine† being with human waste. Unlike Serrano, most artists would prefer to stick to conventional and conservative methods and techniques to prevent backlash for original approaches viewed as disturbing and unethical. To what extent can an artist original approach be limited by ethical judgment? â€Å"The artist is the creator of beautiful things. To reveal art and conceal the artist is arts aim. The critic is he who can translate into another manner or a new material his impression of beautiful things .†[2] According to Oscar Wilde, it is not the artist that brings about ethical judgments; it is the audience that chooses to do so. When an artist creates a work, he or she is not interested in addressing themselves to moral issues; the artist cares for the artistic production and message. When the audience ethically evaluates art, they present that the aesthetic value of art should be determined by, or reduced to, its moral value. In Serrano’s â€Å"Piss Christ†, Serrano’s message was to show how his relationship with Christ has improved, but the title and materials used in the artwork prevented some of the audience from seeking Serrano’s intention. When the audience ethically judges artwork, the artist motives may not be present due to judgment. This is important because artistic freedom may be limited in artwork which may prevent the artist to fully produce their message. When the audience finds out that while creating the artwork the artist has used methods that seem wrong in terms of the well-being of individuals and society were involved or assume that the work may be censored, not funded, and even banned like â€Å"Piss Christ† to protect viewers from difficult ideas and information. These restrictions can undermine the artist intention and the knowledge meant to be presented to the public. On the other hand, when some artistic methods are judged as crossing ethical boundaries, the production of knowledge may not be restricted by ethical judgments. [3] Piss Christ by: Andres Serrano When an artist creates an artwork, the artist has artistic freedom and style that can be exercised to the extremes even if deemed as unethical. When the audience interprets and artwork, the audience is free to make ethical judgments that may heighten pursue for knowledge. When ethical judgment is intended by the artist, the artist can use unconventional methods to heighten moral awareness especially even if the practice is ethically judged. The audience takes on an artistic attitude which allows them to think moral relevant thoughts about the artwork which may introduce awareness to the subject. In Marina Abramovic’s performance, Rhythm 0, Abramovic laid 72 objects some of which were objects that could give pleasure and others could inflict pain. The audience was allowed to use these objects and manipulate her body however they wanted. At the end of the performance, Abramovic was left with ripped clothes and injuries on her body. Abramovic’s intention of the artwork was to test the limits of the relationship between performer and audience, but her performance was ethically judged as unprincipled. The fact that Abramovic presented objects that could have harmed her caused outrage because the idea that someone dying. The audience and the artist learned that leaving artwork can kill the artist. If it were not for the ethical judgment or unconventional methods, the idea of an audience being morally corrupted in the performance would not have come about. Ethical judgment on art does not always prevent the artist from restricting their, but if it is intended by the artist, ethical judgments can introduce knowledge regarding morality. When Rhythm 0 was ethically judged, it was a direct response caused by the audience’s sense perception or emotion while viewing the work and methods. The judgment may not prevent the artist from limiting its methods in an artwork if intended to make an ethical statement. In the natural science in which the results ar en’t necessarily meant to heighten moral awareness, ethical judgments may undermine the results of a scientific finding causing an experimenter to follow ethical guidelines. Natural science has been a powerful tool for extraordinary achievement. It has allowed scientists to identify the components of DNA, discover planets outside of the solar system, and even clone animals. Despite all the achievements the sciences have brought us, it is not the only road to knowledge. Scientific claims and theories have continuously changed over time; due to the lack of certainty natural sciences bring to us, it is not hard for someone to dispute a scientific finding. Many disputes over the effectiveness of scientific findings and experiments may not have to deal with logical substance but the ethics of the claims. To what extent can ethical protocols undermine the effectiveness of a scientific study? Scientific results are not meant to bring across ethical judgments, but the methods used can. Many critics of science have brought to attention of the dangers of a scientific procedure which may weaken the scientific knowledge brought on by the finding. In 1932, â€Å"Phy sician Health Study† did a study to examine the progression of untreated syphilis in African Americans. The subjects were not debriefed before or after the study, none were informed of their condition, and none of them were treated for the disease. When the results of the experiment were published in 1972, the response was public outrage bringing the study to an end. The intent of the study was to record the record the natural history of syphilis in Black which it did, but the experiment was racially implicated and did not follow ethical protocols towards its participants. According to those who take the common good approach, interlocking relationships of society are the basis of ethical reasoning and that respect and compassion for all especially the vulnerable are requirements of such reasoning. Sciences and the methodology of research are often regulated and directed by factors other than the pursuit of truth. The Tuskegee is a prime example of a research which methods and approaches were not altered to meet ethical guidelines. Not doing so, this experiment was seen as not being effective even though it did present a finding. When ethical judgments are imposed on scientists or researches, an additional responsibility of ethics presented their voyage of knowledge. A few months ago, I was required to replicate an experiment called â€Å"the Stroop Effect†. Prior to actually doing the experiment, I noticed that rubric emphasized that I followed ethical guidelines, such as creating a consent form, providing a good testing environment, and debriefing the participants, in order to receive a passing grade. Knowing this, I focused mainly on trying to adhere to the ethical guidelines which made my experiment take longer. On the other hand, following the ethical guidelines did not limit my understanding of the experiment. Adhering to ethical guidelines did shape my methodology of the experiment, but did not limit the pursuit of knowledge. There is a controversial question of whether we should separate science and religion; religion can be substituted for ethics since it is derived from religion. Since scienc e does not solve ethical questions, why combine the two? This claim can be refuted since modern science is raising ethical questions about application of new technologies and even the research protocols themselves such as genetically modified organisms. Since science these raising these ethical issues, it is necessary for scientist to follow ethical guidelines. And for the experiments where the aim is not to raise ethical issues must have ethical methods to protect the well-being of individuals. Humans create ethical standards and we equate ethical judgments and concepts with our personal emotions, religion, law, or the social system. Ethical judgments have limited the methods used in the arts and sciences in order to enforce ethical guidelines. It is worth knowing the extent since some believe if we judge everything ethically, our knowledge will be limited. It is true that ethical judgments may cause an artist or scientist to manipulate their procedure to satisfy ethical demands, but this not limit the pursuit of knowledge especially if the artwork or experiments raises ethical issues. Bibliography Ethics. LII. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/ethics>. Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Gutenberg. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/174/174-h Piss Christ. Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2013. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/de/Piss_Christ_by_Serrano_Andres_(1987).jpg>. [1] Ethics. LII. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/ethics>. [2] Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Gutenberg. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2013. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/174/174-h [3] Piss Christ. Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Sept. 2013. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/de/Piss_Christ_by_Serrano_Andres_(1987).jpg>.

Types of Views in Engineering Drawing

Types of Views in Engineering Drawing INTRODUCTION: Engineering drawings are often referred to as Blueprints . However, the terms are becoming an anachronism since most copies of engineering drawings that were made using a chemical-printing process that yielded graphics on blue-coloured paper or of blue-lines on have been superseded by more modern reproduction processes that yield black or multicolour lines on the white paper. The more generic term Print is in common usage in the U.S. to mean any paper copy of the engineering drawing. It can now be produced using computer technology. Drawings are extracted from 3-dimensional computer models and can be printed as 2-dimensional drawings on various media formats . Engineered computer models can also be printed in 3-dimensional form using special 3D printers. The process of producing engineering drawing , and the skill of producing , is often refered to as technical drawing , although technical drawings are also required for disciplines that would not ordinarily be thought as parts of engineering. ENGINEERING DRAWING The engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing , created within the technical drawing discipline , and is used to define the requirements for engineered items. It is usually created in accordance with standard conventions for layout, nomenclature , interpretation , appearance , etc. One such standard convention is called GD T . The purpose of engineering drawing is to capture all the geometric features of a product or a component accurately and unambiguously. Its end goal is to convey the information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component. Engineering Drawings : Common Features Geometry- shape of the object ; represented as views and how the object will look when viewed from various standard directions , such as front , top , side, etc. Dimensions size of the object captured in accepted units . Tolerances allowable variations for every dimension . Material represents what the item is made of . Finish specifies the surface quality of item, functional or cosmetic. Different types of projections: Orthogonal projection Auxiliary projection Isometric projection Oblique projection Perspective projection ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION Orthographic projection is a way of representing a 3-dimensional object in two dimensions. It is a form of parallel projection , here the view direction is orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in each plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on viewing surface. It is further divided into Multiview Orthographic projections and Axonometric projection. This projection shows that the object as it looks from the front, right , left, top, bottom, or back, and are positioned relative to each other according to the rules of either first-angle or third-angle projection. ÂÂ § First-angle projection is the ISO standard and is primarily used in Europe. The 3-D object is projected into 2-D paper space as if you were looking at an X-ray of object : top view is under the front view, the right view is at the left of the front view. ÂÂ § Third-angle projection is primarily used in the United States and Canada, where it is a default projection system according to BS 8888:2006, the left view is placed on left and the top view on the top. All views are not necessarily used, and determination of surface constitutes the front, back, top and bottom varies depending on projection used. Multiview Orthographic Projections With this projection , upto six pictures of an object are produced , with each projection plane parallel to one of the co-ordinate axes of object. The views are positioned relative to each other according to either of two schemes first angle or third angle projection. The appearances of views may be of as being projected onto planes that form a six-sided box around the object. Although six different sides can be drawn three sides of a drawing give enough information to make a three-dimensional object. All these views are known as front view, top view and right side view. AUXILIARY PROJECTIONS The auxiliary view is an orthographic view that is projected into any plane other than one of the 6 principal views. The views are used when an object contains some sort of the inclined plane. Using the auxiliary view allows for inclined plane to be projected in true size and shape. The true size and shape of any feature in a technical drawings can only be known when the Line of Sight is perpendicular to the plane which is considered as reference. Drawing Auxiliary Views Despite of the fact that auxiliary views are projected onto planes which are inclined to the principal projection planes , they are still classified as orthographic-views. The LOS are still parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection . Thus when reading lines on the object in this view adjacent to a principal view , the same rules apply to reading lines in adjacent principal-views. To utilize this view to show a surface true size , a view must exist or be drawn where that surface appears as a line . It is not possible to show an oblique surface in a primary auxiliary view. Once a given view showing the surface as a line is identified. Complete auxiliary views are not commonly drawn in industry. It is much more common to see partial auxiliary-views that show only TS features. Since most of the other surfaces will be fore-shortened , a complete auxiliary-view becomes more difficult to read . Isometric Projection The isometric projection shows the object from the angles in which the scales along each axis of the object are equal. This projection corresponds to the rotation of the object by ÂÂ ± 45ÂÂ ° about the vertical axis followed by the rotation of approximately ÂÂ ± 35.264ÂÂ ° about the horizontal-axis starting from an orthographic projection view. Isometric comes from Greek for Same Measure. One of the things that makes this view of drawing so attractive is the ease with which 60 degree angles can be constructed with a compass and straightedge only. EXAMPLE: The following example shows the elevation of a slab of wood having the raised panel. This plane is either turned down into the horizontal plane or is wheeled into the vertical plane. This projection is a type of axonometric projection. The other two types of axonometric projection are : Di-metric Projection Tri-metric Projection Oblique projection The oblique projection is a simple type of graphical projection used for producing the pictorial and 2-D images of 3-D objects Example :- The following example shows the oblique projection of a camera This projection projects an image by the intersecting parallel-rays From the 3-D source object with drawing surface. Here in both the oblique-projection and the orthographic-projection , parallel lines of source object produce parallel lines in the projected image. Perspective Projection The Perspective projection is the approximate representation on a flat surface , of the image perceived by the eyes. The most characteristic features of this projection are that objects are drawn : Smaller as their distance from the observer increases Foreshortened : the size of an objects dimensions along the line of sight are relatively shorter than dimensions across the line of sight . In perspective view of drawing , every set of parallel lines has its own vanishing point . To draw one-point perspective , subjects are arranged so that one set of lines has a vanishing point right in front of us, and the set at right-angles goes out to infinity on each side parallel , either straight up or straight across.

Flesh-eating Bacteria Essays -- essays research papers

Some call it “horror'; and some call it “the super germ';, but now, our always known “regular'; bacteria, those one-celled creatures once considered under control with antibiotics, have invaded our hospitals and headlines with a vengeance. The vengeance used against us is caused by an existing organism called necrotizing fasciitis, the so-called flesh-eating bacteria, caused by Group A streptococcus. What this organism does is progressively destroy the human body tissue all the way to the bone. This organism has amazingly outsmarted us of even our most potent drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our community right now, medical researchers are testing antibiotics that may have chemicals to disable the resistance of this organism. But while research continues, it is vital to be aware of how these deadly germs spread and what we can do to prevent them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long before humans discovered antibiotics, they existed in nature. So naturally, after penicillin was introduced, some germs were already naturally resistant to the drug. As we used more and more of the antibiotics, we incidentally caused drug-resistant germs to progress. So, even if you’ve never misused antibiotics, you could still become infected by bacterium most drugs won’t kill. For each drug, there are germs genetically programmed to survive- some w/ outer walls tough for antibiotic to cross, others with ways to dump the drugs back out before they can work, and yet others can inactivate the antibiotic. Even worse, by passing tiny packets of genetic material to other bacteria, these survivor germs sometimes also pass the formula for resistance to the other bacteria. The best way you can protect yourself and your family against drug-resistant bacteria is by using antibiotics correctly. Taking them when they’re not needed encourages the takeov er of drug-resistant strains in your body. (Redbook, pg.95) That’s because when antibiotics are given, the normal bacteria in your body are killed off, leaving lots of bacterial “parking spaces'; open. And the germ left to fill them is the drug-resistant ones. (Redbook, pg.95)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So far, antibiotic resistance has not been a big problem with streptococcus A, the germ familiar to all of us for causing millions of cases of strep thr... ...k two nurses to change the dressing- one to lift the folds of skin and the other to pack the wound. Continuing to mark the date and the margins of the wound, Katie’s nurses and doctors were hoping for a survival. Nutritional support at this point was entered via gastrointestinal tubing and by this time Katie was going through major psychological wounds that needed healing as well. Sadly the doctors were not able to prepare Katie to go home. Despite fasciotomy and the surgery, her infection continued aggressively. Her wound after surgery had a foul-smelling drainage, which increased in amount every day. Local cellulitis developed at the IV site on her arm. Just 10 days after the first surgery she underwent a second infection spreading around her hip area. Despite all efforts by Katie and the hospital staff, she died of septic shock and multisystem organ failure after 30 days in intensive treatment. Although flesh-eating disease is always life threatening and in most cases re sults in a fatality, it doesn’t have to have an unhappy ending if you use prompt recognition and go to clinical expertise within the first sign of the disease. Don’t let it get you!

Characteristics of an Ideal Entrepreneur Essays -- Entrepreneur

What an Entrepreneur Is An entrepreneur is a person who finds it worth risking, especially in term of his or her finances, in a particular project with a hope of introducing new related ventures that will culminate into visible success financially (Foley, 2006). Sometimes, an entrepreneur can also be taken to mean a person who is in the verge of organizing a virtually new project and targeting to use previously unused channels after discovering a hidden opportunity in the eyes of others. Evidently, in both cases, there is a risk factor and therefore maximum care and guided moves are things to take care of first. More often than not, the term entrepreneur is employed in a business context. Some other people argue that entrepreneurship is not a real profession. No, not until one has started something that can be seen on the ground. In short, one cannot create fame in the name of becoming an entrepreneur by just portraying mere intensions nor even when the whole planning of scope and schedule are complete. A person will be termed as an entrepreneur once the first foundation stone is laid on the ground. That means that the effectiveness of one’s ideas is crucial. Therefore the qualities or characteristics of such a person must enable a confident kick-off and somehow guarantee success. Characteristics of an Ideal Entrepreneur An ideal entrepreneur must be innovative enough. This means that his or her venture must be backed by relevant knowledge and creativity but encased in achievable limits. Past experience and technical knowhow are integral components that will enhance confidence and enthusiasm while kick starting. In most cases, entrepreneurs act as revivers of a falling business by convincingly intervening with new ideas and ap... ...l of Developmental Entrepreneurship. 8(2), 133-151. Fuller, D., & Dansic, P. (1999). Indigenous Australian and self-employment: small enterprise research. The Journal of SEAANZ. 7(2), 5-28. Harper, L. (2010). 5 Successful Australian Entrepreneurs. Mademan.com. Retrieved 04 21, 2012, from http://www.mademan.com/mm/5-successful-australian-entrepreneurs.html. Rola-Rubzen, M.F. (2009). Critical success factors for aboriginal businesses in the desert, DKCRC Working Paper 38, Desert Knowledge CRC, Alice Springs, Retrieved 04 22, 2012, from http://www.desertknowledgecrc.com.au/publications/downloads/DKCRC- Working-Paper-38-Critical-Success-factors-for-aboriginal-businesses-in-the-Desert.pdf. Thomson, J. (2010). Our Top Female Entrepreneurs. SmartCompany. Retrieved 04 22, 2012, from http://www.smartcompany.com.au/entrepreneurs/20100304-female- entrepreneurs/2.html

Ppt of Indian Retailing

Indian online stores getting hooked to e-community culture   [pic]More often than not, it's being argued that online shopping is convenient but yet an isolated activity. This format of easy-to-order-easy-to-deliver has been catching up with the tech-savvy buyers but it has always been looked upon as option out of necessity and not pleasure. In order to break this monotony, the concept of e-socializing was introduced to the online buying experience. Apart from a few established online stores, most of new entrants and the upcoming e-retail ventures are banking heavily on the rising popularity of social networking within the online shopping domain. There are a number of major international e-stores who initiated the coupling of online shopping with social networking. Online giants like e-bay started their buyers' â€Å"Community† which was then followed by arch-rival Amazon's popular â€Å"Daily Blog† section. The e-community trend has now moved-in to the Indian shopping terrain as well. Most of the upcoming Indian online stores and the Indian counterparts of the already established inter-nation e-retail brands are reaping in the benefits of shoppers' community and the latest Web 2. 0 technology to create a loyal consumer base out of their readily generated user traffic on the sites. Some of the popular community-based Indian shopping portals for your reference include: – ebay India: The global retail giant's Indian venture has a shoppers' community dedicated to registered users willing to chat, discuss, ask questions, leave messages and even leave feedback for the portal. Retailsdirect: This site is arguable India's first interactive store ever. If you have anything to share, discuss, ask or answer on any issue/subject including shopping, this site has it. It also has video conferencing, (or Video-Voice Text-Chat facility, as they term it) and is based on Web 2. 0 technology. – Hindustanlink: A site where you can do a lot more than shopping, including activities like Forum discussions, Blogging and Questions-Answers section as well. All in all, Indian shopping portals need to take a leaf out of their international counterparts' online strategies. After the emergence and expansion of global shopping portals like eBay, Kaboodle, Zebo etc. , there many e-stores of Indian origin which need to incorporate the concept of social networking to add that ‘zing' lacking in them. Until then, the aforesaid e-stores are there to bring in your friends and favorite brands while you choose to laze around at home!!! (no offense intended) Why not to shop at the malls again!! Before I start off with this lens, I would like to ask you as to when was the last time you went shopping to your nearest shopping mall? A week ago, a month back, and some would probably say that they have these virtual stores to shop for them and deliver goods like a trained pet, right? Hence, the question arises that with so much that an online store has to offer, do we really need shopping malls at all? As the famous saying goes, â€Å"There is nothing permanent in this world except change†, it can be easily applied to the ever-changing trends in the retail industry. The whole ‘sale and purchase' idea got a new meaning with the advent of online version of shopping. Today, it would not be advisable for any educated online shopper to hop back to shopping at the malls. The big players in the online retail scene in India are trying every trick in their bags to convert online users into traffic and then converting it into visitors, then into buyers and finally, into a loyal consumer base. For this, the focus has shifted from merely providing products online to social communities and special offers which can only be availed at these virtual stores. With the prospects of becoming a long-term successful industry, major e-stores like Indiamart, Futurebazaar, Retailsdirect and Indiaplaza are relying heavily on the online retail boom. They are leaving no stone unturned in accelerating the conversion rate of its user traffic. The most bankable factor for drawing in consumers from the offline domain is the ‘convenience' factor of online shopping. The most effective strategies of the major Indian e-stores are as follows: – Indiamart: It is a common platform for the online buyers and sellers, i. e. , a B2B marketplace. Highlights – Upcoming trade shows, divergent industry updates, international trade leads, tender notice via emails etc. – Futurebazaar: The finest brands online, user-friendly and simple design. Highlights – Clearance sales, buying in bulk offers – Retailsdirect: India's first interactive store with a Video-Voice-Text-Chat facility. Highlights- Group Bargains (Savings of upto 33% on products by creating groups to bargain), Cafe Retail (Earn redeemable RD coins, upload videos and photos) – Indiaplaza: US based shopping portal meant for trading and shipping to India and worldwide. Highlights – Airtel gift certificates, Gifts to India. The above strategies are a clear indication that the trend of online shopping is not merely restricted to the selection and buying process. One can use the wide reach and accessibility of the internet and various social media tools to develop interest and loyalty among the customers. So the next time you feel like shopping, chuck out shopping at the over-crowded malls and rather catch up with friends online and relax while you shop for your favourite products. Why are Indians apprehensive to online shopping? [pic]The Internet provides a progressive dimension to most of the industries on global platform. The retail industry has also benefited from its online version which has resulted in the growth and expansion of the sector worldwide. In India, e-commerce has been on a slow track in comparison to other parts of the world. There has been a visible growth in the e-retail sector yet the industry is being seen in its incipient stage. Earlier, the reasons cited for the weak response towards online shopping was blamed on the lack of Internet facilities and inadequate online transaction facilities available in the market. Since then, there has been technological boom in India. Now, the Internet is easily accessible to urban India and even rural pockets are getting Internet accessibility at select places. Growth in the credit card industry and other online transaction methods has also been a boon for e-shopping. Despite the recent developments, response to online trading and transaction has been feeble in this part of the world. Some of the reasons which potentially work against the industry in India include: – Bargaining is not possible – Product trial is generally unavailable – Insecurity surrounding the credibility of a shopping portal – Delays in product delivery – Lack in the variety of products – Social networking is restricted – Preference to real-time shopping for get-togethers The above mentioned reasons clearly indicate that apart from online activities like travel ticket booking and online broking, e-commerce still has a long way to go before earning the faith of the consumers. More innovative and tangible options are still awaited before the shopaholic appetite of the quintessential Indian is satisfied by these virtual stores. What is Your Brand Personality? [pic]How would you differentiate Nike's ‘Just do it' from Reebok's ‘I am what I am'? Both sell the same products, at almost the same prices and hold the same target audience. Still Nike's ‘Sweat and Beauty' sells more than Reebok's ‘We know you suck'. Needless to say that in such markets people don't turn to these brands for their offerings but because of the attitude these brands represent. These brands no longer offer mere products now, they are living experiences and identities in the minds of the consumers. Consumers now view these brands as a ‘living entity' – an entity that speaks its mind, reflects its attitude and acts as an aide in acknowledging their eccentricities and whims. That is what we call- BRAND PERSONALITY! The catch for this new generation of consumers is ‘ Be their friend'. The clutter and pressures of today's lifestyle has left the consumer flustered and beclouded. Loneliness is another hazard. However, the good news is people cling on to where they find value and stay where they find comfort. Therefore without infusing a feeling of security, accountability and ‘liking' in the mind of the consumer, brand loyalties are difficult to achieve. How to render a personality to your online brand WHAT IS YOUR GOAL? If your goal is to generate sales through your venture then the first step will be to initiate an exhaustive research about your domestic as well the world market, determine SEO strategies, optimize shopping cart and navigation functionalities along with other e-paths. IS YOUR HOMEPAGE YOUR CONSUMER'S HOME? Your homepage is your first interface with the visitor. Ensure that it makes him to stick to it by giving him what he wants, there itself. Banners displaying your core product or benefits for your consumer will act as a bait to hook him into reading more about it. Colorful pictures, layouts, interactive templates follow suit. THE HUMAN TOUCH! The most important element in building a brand, online as well as offline is ‘trust'. The more real your conversations are with your consumers, the more accountable your business becomes in their mind. Internet is still in its nascence as far as this interactivity is concerned. If feasible, allow your consumers to raise requests and receive relevant suggestions based on those requests. HIT THE BULL'S EYE IN THE FIRST GO! Your site content should be presented to your customers almost immediately. Content segregation in the form of bullets points, captions and brief paragraphs work best. Most importantly, visual presentations of messages are very helpful in creating an impression in the mind of the consumers. CREATING HYPE – A BIG NO, NO! Internet provides you with a flood of information in a no-pressure environment, with reigns solely in the hands of the users. Therefore traditional monotones of creating hype lose their credibility in this medium, where consumer behavior is regulated by product/price comparisons, variety and features. As mentioned above, people associate a brand with the experience it gives to its customers. In e-commerce environment, there is no space or time for frustration. Information should be easily digested. Ordering should be quick and smooth and loading time almost instantaneous. The idea is to catch the whim of the consumer and make him feel ‘special' and ‘cared for'. That's when a brand attains its own personality and becomes the consumer's friend. The rise and rise of Online Retail! The globe is finally at your fingertips. Human numbers may be expanding by the second but distances have finally shrunk. Investing money is a tradition. Investing time is the newest wrinkle. People don't mind spending the almighty rupiyah for a pair of Levi's Red Loop jeans if buying the same from an online store takes just a few minutes. Else driving an hour to reach the high street to buy it seems nothing less than a sluggish idea. Time and time alone stands as the new age currency today. And taking this as an opportune pedestal to climb higher, entrepreneurs have finally entered the new arena of Online Retail. Say, you had already seen your favourite digital camera at a store in a mall. What say if you found the same product at a much better price in the comfort of your home- on the web, at half the time you spent shopping offline Well, the web is serving all this and more to its online customers. According to the NASSCOM Report, India expects a massive mass of internet users. Even the big brands have already found their space on web. Whether it is the Luxury Retail, Kids Retail, Mobile Telephony or other Consumer Electronics, the high street e-stores are on a roll. The challenge however is to engage that portion of the mob, which visit the sites but go away without spending any bucks. The reason? Their distrust. This section of online turf is not comfortable transacting on the net because of their fear of e-stores mishandling their precious information. This population is almost half of the total online populace. If online retail portals begin to instill a security factor in the minds of their consumer base, half their battles will be won! expresss your opinion [pic]Do click on the responses given below if you feel like. I would be regularly updating this section with quesitons relating to the retail industry. Feel free to join in. %3A3%3A%7Bs%3A7%3A%22options%22%3Bs%3A180%3A%22393dcaee6fc694e9b6e51f5bc54f3db2%2CVery+safe%2C809c2f553e8895d1e46574138b647172%2Csomewhat+safe%2C9fdcbf05e56c00880a7fb03198847036%2Care+you+kidding+me%3F+whoever+said+online+shopping+was+safe%22%3Bs%3A6%3A%22period%22%3Bs%3A2%3A%2260%22%3Bs%3A8%3A%22question%22%3Bs%3A69%3A%22How+secure+to+you+think+is+the+online+retail+industry+for+a+consumer%3F%22%3B%7D How secure to you think is the onli ne retail industry for a consumer? Very safe 38. 5% [pic] somewhat safe 61. 5% [pic] are you kidding me? whoever said online shopping was safe 0%

Feminist Undertones in Pride and Prejudice

FEMINIST UNDERTONES IN ‘PRIDE AND PREJUDICE’ Introduction Jane Austen authored the novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’ in 1813, a period in the social history of England that saw most women as best equipped for the private and domestic realm. An ideal woman was the picture of chastity, innocence and compliancy. Even women authors in this period were expected to adhere to genres that were considered to be solely their domain- the refined arts, household management, love, courtship, family life and fidelity in the face of temptation.Although ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was primarily a romance between two free-thinking individuals, Elizabeth Bennet and Fitzwilliam Darcy, it has grave feminist undercurrents that are displayed to the reader in many incidents and conversations that ensue between the characters. The nineteenth century was one of progressive transience, especially for women who forged a new identity for themselves. Literature was a vital mouthpiece f or their miseries. Jane Austen takes a strong jibe at the existing patriarchy under the more dulcet tones of feminine affairs like love, courtships, gossip and bitchery.Austen’s protagonist Elizabeth Bennet is the second of five sisters in the Bennet family. Out of all her sisters, Elizabeth is the only one who exhibits a bent of mind that was rational and somewhat gumptious. Her principal concerns in life were not winning the affections of wealthy men in order to find herself a suitable match. Austen penned ‘Pride and Prejudice’ much prior to the time referred to as the age of New Woman Fiction and yet her writing is a powerful satire on the position of women in society and how this position limited their viewpoint to petty affairs.A good instance of this is the character of Mrs. Bennet or even Lady Catherine De Bourgh. Jane Austen explores various facets of the middle class society of nineteenth century England, successfully giving a panoptic view of the preval ent social mores and mindsets, especially those pertaining to the status of women. The different characters in her novel render a variegated purview of feminist notions. The Character of Mrs. Bennet and Austen’s Satirical Critique From the opening lines of the story Mrs. Bennet is put forth as a dominating, albeit directing, force in the Bennet household.Her very first dialogue with Mr. Bennet, wherein she tries to convince him to meet Mr. Bingley, a man of a fortune as handsome as his appearance, to try and fix a match for one of their daughters, is evident of her mindset. Her scope of interests in life is limited only to the stable marital settlement of her five daughters. Her husband is not of much interest to the reader because of his almost insipid outlook of affairs. Mrs. Bennet inspite of her condescending and parochial behavior is a multi dimensional character, interesting readers very much.Her outragous schemes to send Jane on horseback to Netherfield so as to make h er contract a cold to extend her stay at the Bingleys’ home, manage to shock those who believe in subtlety. Some critics have also referred to Mrs. Bennet as vulgar, a term too extreme for our times. However back then it probably had the connotation of something that was socially hideous. Mrs Bennet is also a prototype of how the women, repressed by society, had stopped striving for social and intellectual advancement. Mrs Bennet’s mental horizons are extremely narrow and she is not ashamed of this fact. Rather she is voluble, to an annoying extent.Mrs Bennet is unable to meet the parameters of decent conduct and behaviour as illustrated in many instances throughout the story. Mr. Bingley’s sisters are extremely repelled by her brash outspokenness, so much so that they use it as a means to break off Mr. Bingley’s association with Jane. Mrs. Bennet also displays an almost obnoxious double standard towards Charlotte Lucas, a very close friend of Elizabeth, by demeaning her appearance in front of her daughters and also Mr. Bingley. However Mrs. Bennet also exhibits some positively feminine inclinations in the course of the novel.One such instance can be her complete disdain for the fact that despite having five daughters, their estate should be inherited by Mr Collins, a complete stranger. Austen makes remarkable use of wit and sarcasm to impersonate Mrs. Bennet. Her novels use comic fiction as a chief means of exploring the individualisation of women’s lives and the revolution in the relation of the sexes at the beginning of the 19th century. Heroine Centric Novels Almost all of Jane Austen’s works feature a female protagonist and most of the other characters are women with a miscellenia of personalities.Austen’s heroines are free spirited young women who have a wide horizon of interests, be it Emma Woodhouse (Emma), Catherine Morland (Northanger Abbey), Marianne (Sense and Sensibility) or Elizabeth Bennet (Pride and Prejudice). In all of these novels the heroine is shown to have her own subjectivity and opinions of life, rather than play a restricted role in the background of the plot. Austen’s stories portray women and the problems faced by them in their daily life through a union of comic and moral indignation. Robert M Polhemus writes, Austen was disposed through comic license to ridicule the inadequacies and constraints of her society. † Through a lens of satire, Austen gave a candid view of the existing social, financial and sexual hierarchies in the middle class landed gentry of eighteenth century England. Women are a prime focus in all her stories and their methods of dealing with situations relating to love, marriage, family, inheritance and courtships. Virginia Woolf once said, â€Å"Austen’s characters are so rounded and substantial that people treat them as if they are ‘living people’. † The heroines in the novels had enough agency to exerc ise their will.They overcame obstacles very modernisitically. In the novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’, the social world of Elizabeth, is scrupulously described, but within these limitations, the heroine as well as the hero, Mr. Darcy are allowed to achieve self expression. Love and marriage for them signify the control of egoism and misperception and the regenerative merging of the self with the ongoing community. With their earnest tone, clear narrative line, contemporary settings, drama and pathos, Jane Austen’s writings become a persuasive communicator of significant beliefs and values.Elizabeth Bennet is a vivacious young woman who, inspite of living in a society that curtailed the thoughts and actions of the fairer sex, lived freely and almost on her own terms. Her opinions of people and situations are rational and her sense of judgement is almost always sound. She possesses not only intelligence but is also sharp and has a great presence of mind. She reads books , plays the piano and loves walking in the outdoors, an act deeply condemned by Mrs Bennet as well as the Bingley sisters as not ladylike. However these attributes endear her even more to Mr. Darcy.Rachel Trickett, in her essay ‘Manners and Society’, writes â€Å"Jane Austen singles out the snobbery and limitation to censure it. She is the enemy of any kind of distinction that fails to take into account personal merit, worth and intelligence. † Elizabeth has clarity of thought and farsightedness that helps her to see things in the right perspective. Early in the novel she is depicted as being arrogant of her wit and her accuracy in judging the social behaviour and intentions. She believes not in a marriage of economic convenience, but in a marriage that is a result of love.Her acuity and sharpness is much admired by her friends, acquaintances and men who look to court her. However Elizabeth’s quickness also sometimes leads her to misunderstand the actions of others, like in the case of Mr. Wickham’s opnions of Mr. Darcy which are dispelled after she receives Darcy’s self explainatory letter, following his first proposal of marriage to her. Through Elizabeth, Austen tries to promote the image of a sovereign identity of a woman who is as subjective as her male counterparts. Narrative style used to convey feminist themeThe novel in some instances does objectify men, though in obvious humour. This is hinted in the opening lines of the story, â€Å"It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrouding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. † The author gives an exhaustive overview of each character’s mindset, adhering to no stereotypes. The man and the woman are treated equally, the description of their human psyche not influenced by any sexual convention. Their characteristic virtues and shortfalls are viewed through an objective lens. Mr. Darcy’s disposition isn’t perfect, nor is Elizabeth’s. If Mrs. Bennet is shown to be an annoying, domineering figure then Mr. Bennet’s sarcasm and witty remarks are equated with almost indifference. Jane’s kindness is sometimes over-the-top and in many instances harms her own situation rather than helping her. Charlotte Lucas’ marriage of convenience to Mr. Collins doesn’t turn out to be exactly as comfortable as she had imagined.From the above examples, one may say that Austen’s narrative style is lucidly analytical of personal psyches, interpersonal relationships and social mores. The heroine is a woman of substance, not bowing to set patterns of society. The strings of relationships are drawn and managed by her while the men, though attractive in their characterization are usually arranged in the backdrop. Jane Austen cannot be called a feminist openly, because she never ventured into this foray directly. Rather, her works contain her feminist recollections running collateral to the story, which can be easily enough interpreted.Austen’s writings cannot be termed as a feminist rhetoric because they positively lean towards a humourous critical overview of the prevalent attitude towards women in the middle classes of England and the usual perception one had of them. Austen’s representation of the characters and incidents in familiar context to the readers made their acquaintance with her feminist impartations more intimate. One could connect and emapathise with the characters due to their individuality and familiar spirit. Elizabeth Bennet could easily be imagined as one’s own sister, friend or neighbour.Thorugh the novel, Austen doesn’t disgrace any character for cutting t hrough conventions. For instance, frivoulous Lydia is finally honourably united to Wickham. By the mores of her own society, Lydia must, and it turns out to be no great embarrassment or humiliation to either party. Their fate is that they deserve each other and are completely unabashed by their mutual unworthiness (a very different conclusion from the conventional fate of the ruined girl in the late- eighteenth-century novel and a comic reversal of the expected and entirely typical of Jane Austen’s realism.Jane Austen’s own childhood and upbringing indicates that despite rigid codes of manners in the conduct of everyday life, the education and sphere of action of a young woman of the time was considerably less restricted. Her writings denounce the objectification of women for social dissection and analysis. Arnold Kettle, in his 1951 essay on ‘Emma’, saw Jane Austen’s highly critical concern over the fate of women in her society as a â€Å"positive vibration†. Austen showed a clear and commitment to the rational principle on which women of the Enlightenment based their case.Many parallels have been drawn between Elizabeth Bennet and Jane Austen herself, illustrating the positively feminine and rational side of the author. In a Victorian social structure that had incorporated an idealized version of femininity, repressing the woman figure into the margins, Austen’s fresh approach to regarding women in a progressive light, through literature has been widely acknowledged and appreciated. She is very often referred to as the most loved feminists of all time. In Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet breathes life into a new perception of a New Woman.BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Grey, J. David ed. The Jane Austen Handbook ( London, 1986) 2. Southam, B. C. ed Jane Austen- The Critical Heritage (London and New York, 1968) 3. Watt, Ian â€Å"Introduction to Jane Austen- A Collection of critical essays† (Englewood Cliffs. N. J. , 1963) 4. Luria, Gina The Feminist Controversy in England (New York, 1972) 5. Kirkham, Margaret Jane Austen, Feminism and Fiction (London, 1982) 6. Harman, Clare Jane’s Fame, How Jane Austen Conquered the World (Edinburgh, 2009)

Is Torture Ever Ok? Essay

A lot of times in these scenarios there are no other options and torturing someone is the only way to get fast results before it is too late. I am a utilitarian thinker and I believe in the greatest good for the most people. If a lot of people’s lives are at stake in a situation and can be saved because of one criminal’s pain then torturing is the way to go. I believe that torture can be morally justified in many extreme circumstances and by regulating torture by law then it could benefit our society. My first argument will show how torture can be used to help stop a bank robber who has many hostages. Suppose, the authorities arrested one of the conspirators of the bank robber and they weren’t getting anything out of him. The bank robber told the authorities that if they didn’t get him a plane out of the country then he would start killing hostages. The authorities don’t know where the bank robber is or the hostages. The bank robber says they only have fifteen minutes to arrange him a plane before he starts killing the hostages. The authorities could torture the conspirators and get the information they need to save the hostages and arrest the bank robber or they could let the hostages die. This is why in my opinion torture is morally justified in this situation. The first argument I used shows a real example of how torturing can save people lives, arrest a criminal, and prevent more people from dying in the short and long run. A stakeholder from my last paper, Mirko Bagaric, agree with me. Bagaric is a professor of law at Deakin University and according to him, â€Å"torture is justifiable when used as an information gathering technique to avert great risk† (Bagaric, p. 264). In my example, it obviously agrees with Bagaric’s statement. There are many variables that go into whether or not torturing someone in a severe situation is permissible. Bagaric wrote a list of these variables: â€Å"1. the number of lives at risk; 2. the immediacy of the harm; 3. the availability of other means to acquire the information; 4. the level of wrongdoing of the agent; and 5. the likelihood that the agent actually does process the relevant information. † I believe that if these were the five rules in a law that regulated torture so we could set a compromise with people who think torture should never happen. The biggest reason I believe torturing is ok in harm-based situations is because it is our moral duty to save other people’s lives. In my opinion, some moral duties override others. The moral duty to save thousands of people overrides the moral duty to respect someone’s physical body, who is holding information from you because they want all those people to die. Everyone must agree that the most basic and important human right is the right to life. If you have a chance to save thousands of lives and torturing is your only option then the choice is obvious. Torturing must be ok in some circumstances, in order to save lives. I am not saying that people should torture a person to death because that violates their right to live. But, if the torture only causes some physical pain to one person to save many lives then torture should be morally and legally permissible. In Heinz site, whenever torturing someone there should always be a doctor there to make sure the person being tortured isn’t killed. I do not think torturing is always ok and it should always should be the last option, but when worse comes to worse saving thousands of people is worth torturing a person who is ok with those people dying. People who oppose torture at all times are deontologists. Deontologists believe that general rules and values must be respected regardless of the outcome. According to them even a savage terrorist who wants to kill their family and friends should not be harmed because it is immoral to inflict physical pain on someone. They believe that you should never bend the rules even if it causes death. Some of them believe that if you allow torturing that you will start down a slippery slope. For example, this slippery slope could lead up to killing a prisoner to avoid a bomb going off and killing thousands. And, what if, you killed the prisoner and he or she didn’t give up any information. The slippery slope of sinning leads to more sinning according to deontologists. For them, torture promotes violence and sin. Although, I do agree with some of the components from the other side’s argument it doesn’t change the fact the torture is needed in some malicious cases. I agree that you should not cause another person physical harm, but if harming this person can saves lives I believe it is morally ok. People have a greater moral obligation to preserve our species and defend our family and country. If physically harming one person can help us do this then torturing should be acceptable. Opponents to torture also stated that we will go down a slippery road to sin and killing people being tortured, but I disagree. I believe that we are rational enough to be able to torture someone and keep them alive. When torturing someone I think it would only be acceptable if a doctor was present to make sure the person be tortured didn’t die. Also, I believe we have to be one-hundred-percent positive the prisoner has the information we want, otherwise; torturing them would be wrong. I know that torturing is wrong in most cases but in should be acceptable in others. Bagaric states that â€Å"A legal framework should be established to properly accommodate these situations,† (Bagaric 274). If torture were to be regulated instead of prohibited, it would bring out greater good then it would harm. Torture happens whether it is prohibited or not. If we create the idea of a torture warrant at least we are stating what we are doing instead of hiding it. The only way to get a torture warrant would be to meet the five variables Bagaric wrote. Doctors being present when a prisoner is being tortured also insures that his or her life is being watched over carefully. In this example it shows that torture can be regulated to insure we don’t fall down a slippery slope and that it will help save many people in the future. My second argument shows that regulation of torture is better than prohibiting it. In my opinion, admitting what you do is better than lying about it. â€Å"Torture is outlawed in Israel yet they have been criticized all over the world for torturing people,† (Dershowitz). They are being hypocritical. It is a known fact that the United States tortures people secretly to find vital information. Although they try to be secretive about it, they usually get caught. It would be better if everyone knew that torture does happen and has to sometimes. I agree and wish that we never had to do it, but sometimes to save lives you have. By regulating torture, people will not be hypocritical about it and there will be rules pertaining to the issue. An obvious objection to this argument is again, the slippery slope. People against torture believe if you open the door to torture, even if you regulate it, you will lead to more and more torture. They say even if you torture is needed in extreme situations that making it legal will allow torture in less desperate situations. Again, I can rebuttal this objection of the slippery slope for regulating torture. First off, torture is already used even though it is legally prohibited. I believe making regulating torture will actually decrease it. People will have to get torture warrant and we should make very sure those are hard to get. Second, Bagaric and Clarke say, that â€Å"there is no evidence to suggest that the lawful violation of fundamental human interests will necessarily lead to a violation of fundamental rights where the per-conditions for the activity are clearly delineated and controlled. † For example, we use the death penalty in the U. S. , but we still value life and haven’t been putting people to death unless it was for a legitimate reason. Religions such as the Muslim-American religion state, â€Å"It is irreligious, immoral, and unethical†(Rashid 1). They state their religious history is full of stories demanding that we condemn abuse and torture. The Muslim-American’s say that, â€Å"The Prophet Moses sacrificed his royal position to stop an act of torture† (Rashid1). They state, the Prophet Muhammad forbade the mistreatment of prisoners. Torture offends Muslim-Americans because it is immoral nature. They state that the torture of human beings at the behest of the American government must be condemned. They say that, â€Å"Simply because another country allows torture does not mean we should encourage and utilize the moral weakness of others† (Rashid 1). They explain that when we ratified the Convention Against Torture President Ronald Reagan said, â€Å"[We] clearly express United States opposition to torture, an abhorrent practice unfortunately still prevalent in the world today. † They also applaud President Obama for shining light on these shameful practices. Finally they said, â€Å"We cannot be deaf to the voice of justice, but must establish it. Torture is not just† (Rashid 2). The Muslim Religion has many valid points, but I disagree that torture is always wrong and immoral. Sometimes bad things can be used for the greater good. My father who was a veteran of the Air Force knows how important it is to get vital information out of enemies. My father believes, like Bagaric, â€Å"when many lives are at risk and the only way to save someone is torture them then you should do what is necessary. † My dad has been through torture training. My dad states that, â€Å"if the other side is going to torture us then we have to have to learn the same tactics. † My father said in the interview, â€Å"that torture should always be the last option, but when things are turning for the worst then sometimes you just have to do what you have to do. I agree with my father and I think that even torture may be immoral by itself it can be used to help people who are going to be killed which makes it moral. In conclusion, I believe prohibition of torture is wrong and that there needs to be a regulating law that allows torture so we can gather vital information. If there are more instances where thousands of peopleâ₠¬â„¢s lives are at risk and there is no other way of saving their lives then to torture someone then we most allow it. It should be morally acceptable to save people’s lives and I believe a people’s lives are worth more than an evil person’s physical pain.